To evaluate the joint effects of long-term PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) exposure and obesity on children's lung function, a cross-sectional sample of 6740 children (aged 7-14 years) was enrolled across seven northeastern Chinese cities from 2012 to 2013. N2 - Children are vulnerable to air pollution-induced lung function deficits, and the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in children.

JF - The Science of the total environment T1 - Interactions between ambient air pollution and obesity on lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Chinese Cities (SNEC) Study. These results can provide policy makers with more comprehensive information for to develop strategies for preventing air pollution induced children's lung function deficits among children. These modification effects were stronger among females and older participants. Consistent results were detected in linear regression models for PM1, PM2.5 and SO2 on FVC and FEV1 impairments (PInteraction < 0.05).

The results showed that long-term air pollution exposure was associated with lung function impairment and there were significant interactions with BMI. Two-level logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the joint effects of body mass index (BMI) and air pollutants. Average PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure levels were estimated using a spatiotemporal model, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) exposure were estimated using data from municipal air monitoring stations. Weight and lung function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were measured according to standardized protocols. Children are vulnerable to air pollution-induced lung function deficits, and the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in children.

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